What effect s can debt have on personal or professional relationships Essay

What impact s would debt be able to have on close to home or expert connections Does this impact conduct Construct a contention to help your case - Essay Example Contingent upon the debtor’s outer lead, work and fellowship relationship will in general endure. Much of the time, borrowers will in general feel that their companions or partners judge them due to their money related circumstances and practices, which could influence their social communications characteristics. For the most part, obligations triggers pressure and strains among individuals and at times, it brings about steady battles thus making perilous conditions (Wolny 58). Obligations can have impacts actually or expertly. Expertly, obligation can influences a worker’s generally speaking work execution in that an individual can become heedless or constrained concentration while playing out his obligations at the work place subsequently prompting work misfortunes or monetary issues (Wolny 59). Indebted individuals for the most part feel socially controlled in light of the fact that they at times can't bear the cost of their necessities, which may be an aberrant strain to them. Subsequently, this may influence their social standing. On the other hand, obligations can impact a person’s conduct. For this situation, a person’s self-esteem may be influenced which would then prompt enthusiastic issues (Wolny 62). The powerlessness of a person to get could inevitably prompt social issues. Various investigations uncover that individual obligation levels will in general be related with related unfriendly wellbeing practices and poor mental practices. One of the most widely recognized practices that may be affected is pressure. Stress remains the greatest instrument through which obligations can influence mental wellbeing. For the most part, a person’s stress experience can be identified with the decrease of invulnerable framework working and the arrival of stre ss-related hormones. As a rule, they impact a person’s cardiovascular capacity and pulse. In certain occasions, the hazardous individual obligations and results that are related with it such chapter 11 can prompt a person’s decrease in mental wellbeing. On the other hand, a few examinations uncover that obligations can prompt melancholy, self-destructive cases and

English I Pt. 1 (Exam 3) Essay Example

English I Pt. 1 (Exam 3) Essay Example English I Pt. 1 (Exam 3) Paper English I Pt. 1 (Exam 3) Paper Paper Topic: Writing In The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry, Jim sells his pocket watch to purchase searches for Della, while Della offers her hair to purchase Jim a chain for his pocket watch. This is a case of what scholarly component? incongruity Individuals who dont know Harry will in general think little of him. They get an eyeful of a doubtful eye on his normal outfit: worn out pants and shirts that bear proof of his latest supper. What's more, his most as often as possible articulated articulation, Waaaal, I just dont know, can make him sound not exactly splendid. In this way, some enter an arranging meeting with Harry loose and sure that their side will win and that Harry will pick up no concessions for his gathering. That supposition that is one that Harry develops, and it is a major, serious mix-up. backhanded portrayal In The Scarlet Ibis, for what reason does the storyteller rename his younger sibling Doodle? The young man slithers in reverse like a doodle-bug. Individuals who dont know Harry will in general belittle him. They take a gander at a wary eye on his common outfit: worn out pants and shirts that bear proof of his latest feast. What's more, his most much of the time articulated articulation, Waaaal, I just dont know, can make him sound not exactly brilliant. In this way, some enter an arranging meeting with Harry loose and certain that their side will win and that Harry will pick up no concessions for his gathering. That supposition that is one that Harry develops, and it is a major, serious mix-up. It Is NOT clarifications and portrayals of the focal issue Which of coming up next is the setting for The Invalids Story? a train from Cleveland to Wisconsin How might a character who is encountering interior clash feel? befuddled Who is Teofilo in The Man to Send Rain Clouds? an old Pueblo Indian who has kicked the bucket before the story opens On the off chance that the fundamental character in a story battles against the below zero cold of the Arctic, what sort of contention is occurring? outer Which city is the setting for The Necklace? Paris Who is the invalid alluded to in the storys title, The Invalids Story? the storyteller In the story Old Man of the Temple by R. K. Narayan, what experience does the storyteller have in the Taxi on his approach to Kumbum? His driver gets controlled by the soul of an elderly person at the sanctuary. Toward the start of the story, The Necklace, what is the reason for Madame Loisels steady misery? her longing to be well off Which of the accompanying most precisely recognizes the typical length of a short story? It Is NOT 200 to 1,000 words In light of the early on line from The Jade Peony by Wayson Choy, what is the perspective of this story? First Person Limited Two men scowl at one another. At that point, a tree falls and pins them both to the ground. What sort of contention exists in the two circumstances? outer To which classification of writing do short stories have a place? fiction What is the setting of The Man to Send Rain Clouds? New Mexico In The Scarlet Ibis, what prompts the storyteller to show Doodle the final resting place? He has a merciless streak that surfaces sporadically. From The Invalids Story, what was causing the foul scent in the train vehicle that made the storyteller and Thompson escape into the virus? It Is NOT The storytellers dead companion in the final resting place From The Man To Send Rain Clouds by Leslie Marmon Silko, what do we find out about Leon and his family during the entombment procedure for Teofilo? It Is NOT They permitted the cleric to play out a Christian internment as a kindness, yet they were not Christians.

Do you have plans next week COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Do you have plans next week COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Heres a list of   SIPA events happening next week   Its going to be a busy week. FROM MONDAY, JANUARY 27, 2014 THROUGH FRIDAY, MARCH 07, 2014 New York Where the Energy Manifests Beauty All Day Event, International Affairs Building, 12th Floor Alexander Movshovichs exhibit, New York Where the Energy Manifests Beauty presents bold images of New York Cityâ€"places we probably never visit, and likely, would have a hard time finding. Sponsor: Harriman Institute MONDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 2014 Bangkok Shutdown? Thailands Political Crisis 12:00 pm to 1:30 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 918 Brown Bag Lecture with Duncan McCargo, Senior Research Affiliate, Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University; Professor of Political Science, University of Leeds. No registration required. Sponsor: Weatherhead East Asian Institute Flexible Diplomacy in Today’s Uncertain War and Peace: UN Envoys and the Mediation of Intrastate Conflicts 1:00 pm to 2:00 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 1302 Brownbag lunchtime discussion with Elodie Convergne, visiting scholar at Columbia SIPA; and Jean-Marie Guéhenno, Director, Center for International Conflict Resolution, and Arnold A. Saltzman Professor of Professional Practice at Columbia SIPA. Sponsor: Center of International Conflict Resolution More Than Meets the Eye 1:00 pm to 2:00 pm, Avery Hall, Room 115 A talk by Vanessa Monique Smith. Sponsor: Institute of Latin American Studies SAI: A lecture by Prabhat Patnaik 4:00 pm to 5:30 pm, Knox Hall, Room 208 A talk by Prabhat Patnaik, Jawaharlal Nehru University. Sponsor: South Asia Institute Tibetan Intellectuals in the 1940s 6:15 pm to 7:45 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 918 Modern Tibetan Studies presentation with Heather Stoddard, Professor Emeritus of Tibetan Studies, Institut National des Langues et Cultures Orientales (Paris). No registration required. Sponsor: Weatherhead East Asian Institute Protest, Police, and Rights: When Good Protests Go Bad 7:15 pm to 9:00 pm, Journalism School, World Room Todd Gitlin, Oxana Shevel, and 2014 Paul Klebnikov Russian Civil Society Fellow, Olesya Gerasimenko will discuss the successes and failures of recent protests. Sponsor: Harriman Institute TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2014 Neither Donkey Nor Horse: Medicine and the Struggle Over Chinas Modernity 12:00 pm to 1:30 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 918 Lecture with Sean Lei, Associate Research Fellow, Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, Taiwan; 2013-14 Member, Institute for Advanced Study. Moderated by Eugenia Lean, Associate Professor of Chinese History, Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures, Columbia University. No registration required. Sponsor: Weatherhead East Asian Institute Counterinsurgency and Peacekeeping Operations in Western and Central Africa 6:10 pm to 8:00 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 1302 An event with Brigadier General Jean-Luc Friedling, BG French Army, and Head of Military Mission and Advisor to the French Permanent Representative to the UN, and Adrien-Basseyni Diarra, Fellow at the Georgetown University Edmund Walsh School of Foreign Service and the Center for Security Studies. Discussing Counterinsurgency and Peacekeeping Operations in Mali and Central/West Africa. Sponsor: Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies   WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2014 A Day in the Life of CIA’s Directorate of Intelligence 1:00 pm to 2:00 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 1512 An event with Professor Peter Clement, Former Deputy Director for Intelligence for Analytic Programs, CIA, and Visiting Professor of Professional Practice, School of International and Public Affairs. Sponsor: Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies and the Harriman Institute Book Talk: Ali Igmen, Speaking Soviet with an Accent, Culture and Power in Kyrgyzstan 4:15 pm to 6:00 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 1219 Ali Igmen, Associate Professor of History, California State University, Long Beach, will give a book talk on Speaking Soviet with an Accent. Sponsor: Harriman Institute The Economy in 2014: The Importance of Job Creation and Leadership 5:00 pm to 6:00 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 1512 Lecture by Duncan Niederauer, CEO, NYSE Euronext. Sponsor: The SIPA Finance Society Fueling Up: The Economic Implications of America’s Oil and Gas Boom 6:00 pm to 7:30 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 1501 A presentation and discussion with Trevor Houser, Partner, Rhodium Group; Visiting Fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics; and co-author, Fueling Up. Sponsor: Center on Global Energy Policy The Earth Institute Practicum in Innovative Sustainability Leadership: Low-Carbon Transportation 6:10 pm to 7:00 pm, Havemeyer Hall Room 209 Speaker: Lori Ardito, First Deputy Commissioner, New York City Department of Transportation. Sponsor: The Earth Institute THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2014 The Educational System in Brazil and its Higher Education 1:00 pm to 2:00 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 802 Talk by Gabriela Rizo, Professor at UFRRJ, Brazil. Sponsor: Institute of Latin American Studies The Corpse Had a Familiar Face: The Slow Demise of Media Freedom in the OSCE Region 1:00 pm to 2:00 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 1219 Representative Dunja Mijatovic will review developments and significant cases across all regions of the OSCE and touch on the issues of journalists’ safety, Internet freedom, the rule of law and the way forward. Sponsor: Harriman Institute After Sochi: Russia and the World 2:15 pm to 4:00 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 1512 Timothy Frye, Kimberly Marten, and Stephen Sestanovich will discuss the future of Russia, post the 2014 Sochi Olympics. Sponsor: Harriman Institute Sijo Workshop with Prof. David McCann 4:00 pm to 6:00 pm, Kent Hall, Room 403 Sijo Workshop with Professor David McCann. No registration required. Sponsor: The Center for Korean Research Development Workshop: Lori Beaman 4:15 pm to 5:45 pm. International Affairs Building, Room 1101 As part of Columbia Universitys Spring 2014 Development Workshop, Lori Beaman, Assistant Professor of Economics at Northwestern University will present her recent work. Sponsor: Center for Development Economics and Policy 10 Years of the First PhD in Sustainable Development: Research Challenges in Sustainable Development 5:00 pm to 7:00 pm, Low Memorial Library, Rotunda Moderator: Merit E. Janow, Dean, School of International and Public Affairs; Professor, Practice of International Economic Law and International Affairs; Panelists: Joseph E. Stiglitz, University Professor; Co-director, Sustainable Development PhD Program; Jeffrey D. Sachs, Director, The The Earth Institute; Quetelet Professor of Sustainable Development; Professor, Health Policy and Management; Co-director, Sustainable Development PhD Program. Sponsor: The Earth Institute, School of International and Public Affairs Russia in East Asia: Imagination, Exchange, Travel, Translation 6:00 pm to 6:00 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 1512 A mini-conference that explores the cross-border perceptions, connections, and cultural exchanges between Russia and its neighbors in East Asia: China, Korea, and Japan. Sponsor: Harriman Institute Luuk van Middelaar on Europa after the Euro Crisis: Political Change, Public Discontent? 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 707 A talk with Dr. Luuk van Middelaar drawing upon the analysis offered in his book The Passage to Europe (Yale U.P, 2013) as well as upon his experience in the EU “frontlines” as speechwriter to the European Council President (since 2010). Sheri Berman, Professor of Political Science, Barnard College, will provide comments. Sponsor: European Institute Crossing Paths: The Diversity in Mexico-US Migration 6:00 pm to 7:00 pm, Barnard College, 3rd Floor, Sulzberger Parlor Mexican Mondays Lecture Series with Filiz GaripM, Harvard University. Sponsor: Institute of Latin American Studies FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 2014 Discussion with Jawad Nabulsi 1:00 pm to 2:30 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 403 Discussion with Jawad Nabulsi, Egyptian Revolutionary; Professor Anya Schiffrin, Director, International Media, Advocacy, and Communications Specialization, SIPA. Sponsor: International Media, Advocacy and Communications Specialization Alternative Transition Paths: Does Pressure from Below Matter for Democracy? 2:00 pm to 4:00 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 802 A talk with Professor Robert R. Kaufman, Rutgers University. Sponsor: Institute of Latin American Studies SAI: Shujaat Khan (sitar) and Samir Chatterjee (tabla) in Concert at Miller Theatre 8:00 pm to 10:30 pm, Columbia University, Miller Theatre The South Asia Institute presents Shujaat Khan, sitar; and Samir Chatterjee, tabla in concert at Columbia University. Sponsor: South Asia Institute For event details, click here.

Cultural Competence And The Elderly - 2589 Words

You are time, foul time who steals the gold from a maiden s hair and takes the sapphire from a child s eyes. Dark time, who has stolen from everything there ever was. The things that it held precious and divine... And left nothing but memories and ashes and the grave. - Neil Gaiman, The Sandman, Endless Nights No one is immune to the effects and the ravages of time. Be they resistful or graceful, all humans age. Hair changes color, skin loosens and wrinkles, and we ofttimes lose the full physical and mental capabilities we take for granted in our youth. When those years are upon us and we are confronted with our limitations in a youth-centric world, cultural competence will enable professional helpers to treat clients with dignity and worth. Cultural competence with the elderly is essential in working with that broad and varied population in environments and cultures that may marginalize them and perhaps even consider them insignificant. A landmark change in providing for the elderly came in 1935 with Franklin D. Roosevelt s Social Security Act. While this provided aid to people with disabilities and mothers with children, aid was also mainly intended for the elderly. The premise of the act was that an individual would pay into the government through the years that they worked and upon retiring that person would receive benefits. Elderly Americans relied on this system to help pay for expenses that they might incur after they reached an age where they could noShow MoreRelatedTrust Is Obtainable To The Health Care Staff That Consistently1257 Words   |  6 Pages Trust is obtainable to the health care staff that consistently grounds their thoughts on the well-being of all their patients. It is imperative for health care staff to open their understanding to minorities in regard to cultural differences and the deterrents aiding their distrust of medical staff. Moreover, the collaborative effort of the United States (U.S.) healthcare system that helped improve and hindered the growth of trust between the minorities and health care staff. Understanding everyRead MoreCase And The Nasw Code Of Ethics1130 Words   |  5 Pagesadditional roles and resources needed to better meet the needs of Bea and her family. Provide evidence from the case and course content to support your answer. The worker in this case is providing long term case management. Bea has multiple casualties (elderly, a heart patient and a widow) and suffers from anxiety, phobias and is in the beginning stages of bereavement. Bea requires long term needs as she is in need of transportation assistance, house cleaning assistance and on-going counseling. Bea’s caseRead MoreThe Role of the Profesional Nurse Essay2174 Words   |  9 PagesThere are many issues which need to be considered when caring for older people who are of a cultural and linguistic diverse background. This essay will focus on these issues inconjucntion with engaging, assessing and caring for an older person who is of a cultural and linguistic diverse background. Transcultural nursing refers to â€Å"being aware of the patients cultural health beliefs and values and incorporating these into the agreed care plan with the patients.† (Nurse dictionary). As part of theRead MoreThe Number Of Adults Over The Age Of 651551 Words   |  7 Pagescitizens vary by state, county, and agency. Some of the programs that are currently offered are those such as Medicare, home care, senior centers, and meal sites to name a few. (citation) To understand the needs of the elderly, we need to understand their developmental pathways, cultural needs, process of gains and losses, and the contextual factors. Developmental Pathways Adult development is change, a progression from simple to complex behavior, from a less differentiated state to a more differentiatedRead MoreHealth And Illness Of The Hispanic Community Essay1125 Words   |  5 PagesData, 2012). I work in an outpatient unit that serves a diverse patient population, and Leininger’s concepts of transcultural nursing highlight the importance of learning about the cultural influences that affect the health and wellness of ethnic populations (Andrews Boyle, 2016). Transcultural nursing addresses cultural influences such as values, beliefs, and behavior and examines how they affect health and wellness. In this paper, I will discuss perceptions of health and illness in the HispanicRead MoreSelf Assessment Of Cultural Competency1582 Words   |  7 PagesSelf-Assessment of Cultural Competency Introduction Nursing is considered to be a noble and rewarding profession in the society. It is a unique discipline that serves to treat sick people in the community with compassionate care and by applying knowledge, skills and ethics, to promote the patients’ healing process. The role of nursing has been influenced by spiritual beliefs, religious practices as well as cultural norms and values. The culture is influenced by the valuable ideas of different philosophersRead MoreCore Concepts in Cultural Competence1211 Words   |  5 Pages20120419 Core Concepts in Cultural Competence Key Concepts (printable) |Cultural Competence | | | | |Definition: |Cultural Competence is a set of values, behaviors, attitudes and practices within a system, organizationRead MoreProfessional Communication Cultural Sensitivity Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesProfessional Communication Cultural Sensitivity Guide Cultural competence can be defined as using the ability of one’s awareness, attitude, knowledge and skill to effectively interact with a patient’s many cultural differences. Madeline Leininger, a pioneer on transcultural nursing describes it this way; â€Å"a formal area of study and practice focused on comparative human-care differences and similarities of the beliefs, values and patterned lifeways of cultures to provide culturally congruent,Read MoreThe Department Of Health Care Services1272 Words   |  6 Pageshave. Organization functions in terms of social work values Social justice mean that everyone are worthy of equal opportunities, political, economic, and social rights. The agency’s social justice purpose is to help prevent early institution for elderly and to maintain high quality of life for caregivers and their love ones. The agency provide services for the underserved and helps prevent adult abuse. VCRC demonstrates social justice by providing support group so the clients can come and learn newRead MoreProfessional Profile: Nursing Essay1364 Words   |  6 PagesZealand European and was born in New Zealand. As a registered nurse Mary has been working in the hospital setting and the rest home. All her working life so far was connected to the elderly care. Her current role is a hospital nurse in the geriatric recovery ward. Most of Mary’s work is basic nursing care for elderly people (65 years old and over) after surgeries, rehabilitation. Also they provide palliative care for people in the end of their lives. Mary and her c olleagues are involved in doing

Major League Baseball Essay - 572 Words

Major League Baseball Professional sports are a competition between the greatest athletes in the world. And when I go to a game, that’s exactly what I expect to see. Sports are entertainment. There is no room for purity and respecting the limits that athletes had in the past. Modern athletes should utilize all the resources that they have available to them. This includes steroids, which enhance an athlete’s performance. After all, performance is what really matters. The sport that has gotten the most attention on the subject of steroids is Major League Baseball. Due to the suspected prevalence of them from the late 80’s up until the present day, the so-called baseball purists now question all the records and achievements†¦show more content†¦Making an argument for it would also concede that steroids are worse form sports than segregation was. The sanctity of Major League Baseball was lost long before Barry Bonds took his first performance enhancing drug. Since when do team ow ners care so much about the long-term health of their players? By the time they finish playing out their careers, some can barely walk or lift their arms above their heads due to the rigorous demands of their employer. Players are expected to play hurt or they will be categorized as â€Å"soft,† and â€Å"soft† players do not get the same respect from their team’s owners. If a player wishes to put something into his body, it is his choice. After all, â€Å"Professional baseball players are competent adults who are capable of processing the risk of ingesting steroids.† (Peterson 2). The recent death of former baseball player and admitted steroid user Ken Caminiti raised many eyebrows. But Ken Caminiti was also a known cocaine and alcohol addict, among other things. His death was more attributed to that rather than his use of steroids during his playing career. If an athlete is willing to do everything in his power to help his team succeed, then he should n ot be ashamed of that. The choices made by the participants should be exactly that, their choices. The acceptance of risk is strictly up to the user and should not be forced upon them by a higher authority. Professional sports should be looked at for what they are, a money-makingShow MoreRelatedThe National League Of Major League Baseball1443 Words   |  6 Pagesnational league in major league baseball? That is the question that is being asked around major league baseball by fans, owners, managers, and the players. If a team is playing in an American league ball park both teams must use a designated hitter in place of the pitcher. If a team is playing in a National league ball park both teams’ pitchers must hit instead of having a designated hitter. 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I wont even mention allRead MoreIs Punishment A Major League Baseball?3332 Words   |  14 PagesTo what extent has punishment in Major League Baseball since the Chicago Black Sox scandal in the 1919 World Series? Extended Essay in History Word count: 3073 Richard Moseley Moseley Abstract To what extent has punishment in Major League Baseball since the Chicago Black Sox scandal in the 1919 World Series? This investigation was done through numerous baseball reference websites, with ESPN being the primary source for the more current scandals such as Biogenesis. This investigationRead MoreA Research On Major League Baseball1168 Words   |  5 Pagessuccess it will present to them in their later life. For my project, I will focus on Major League Baseball due to its accessibility of raw, open source data online. The hypothesis is that socio-economic inequality not only presents unequal opportunities for economic improvement for different social classes within a society, but also has a large effect on the opportunity one has in reaching the top level of baseball—most MLB players come from relatively advantaged social origins. I then look at howRead MoreSpeech On Steroids And Major League Baseball1638 Words   |  7 Pagesin Major League history. However, this reco rd is controversial, due to steroid use. B. Thesis: Today I am going to persuade you all about the use of steroids in Major League Baseball, persuading you why steroids should not be allowed in Major League Baseball. I have a call to action for all of you to help others if they are considering using steroids, and next time you watch a MLB game to realize the impact of steroids. C. Credibility: Gave my informative speech on Steroids in Major League BaseballRead More Korean Players in Major League Baseball1588 Words   |  7 PagesPark’s case proved that Korean players could compete in Major League Baseball, none of other Koreans successfully settled in U.S.A. after Park. Approximately after ten years, a similar case with Park’s debut came out with Shin-Soo Choo. Shin-Soo Choo, who did not make a debut in Korean Baseball Championship before debuting in Major League Baseball, made debut with Seattle Mariners on 21 April 2005. Choo dreamed about Major League Baseball, which led him into a Rookie contract with Seattle marinersRead MoreEssay Salaries in Major League Baseball1280 Words   |  6 PagesSalaries in Major League Baseball Every year, it becomes more obvious that many sports in America have problems. For years, Hockey has been criticized for its excessive violence. The National Football League has also been scrutinized for this reason as well as the fact that many of the top players have constantly been in trouble with the law. Major League Baseball is no different. The situation with baseball is more complicated, and is not only ruining the game itself, but also drawing millionsRead MoreEssay on Integration in Major League Baseball1039 Words   |  5 PagesWhen asked to describe a baseball the first word generally voiced is white, and before April 15, 1947 that is exactly what the game of baseball was, white. â€Å"There is no law against Negroes playing with white teams, or whites with colored clubs, but neither has invited the other for the obvious reason they prefer to draw their talent from their own ranks† (‘42’). These were the feelings of people living in 1947, that bl acks and whites were not meant to play baseball together. Then, why decades earlier

Microeconomics Externalities, Market Power Assignment Free Essays

string(242) " structure of costs in retail grocery industry is important for understanding the profitability of firms\? For large scale companies like Coles and Woolworths to be profitable the amount of fixed costs needs to balance with the sales volume\." Introductory* Micro*economics 316-102 *Sem 1*,2010 Assignment 2: Genevieve Blanch QUESTION 1. Externalities in this situation exist where the Government, Country or Private Organisation decides to launch a new satellite causing costs and benefits to other members of society which do not impact on the G,C or PO. Such externalities include: NEGATIVE (Costs to other members of society) Hazard to the useful working satellites that surround Earth. We will write a custom essay sample on Microeconomics Externalities, Market Power Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Threat to our dependence for communications, broadcasting and surveillance. Debris from one collision causing a second, which creates still more debris and collisions. A socially optimal outcomes occurs when then the social maximal benefit equals social marginal cost meaning the surplus to society is maximized. At the same time efficient market equilibrium is needed where the private marginal benefit (PMB) equals Private marginal cost (PMC). {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} SMC=PMC {draw:line} {draw:line} SMB=PMB Q* For each active satellite a certain amount of debris is released into space. Because the debris is a hazard to other working satellites it is considered a negative externality. Due to this negative externality in production, the social cost (SMC) of producing active satellites exceeds the private cost (PMC). This means the socially desirable number of active satellites, Q optimum, is smaller than the equilibrium quantity Q* (As seen below). Graph: Debris and the social optimum {draw:line} * {draw:line} * SMC {draw:line} {draw:line} * *Price of satellites. {draw:line} (Demand) PMC * {draw:line} {draw:line} * Optimum {draw:line} (Supply) PMB=SMB {draw:line} Q optimum* *Q * * *Q=No. of satellites launched We could conclude from the article that the socially optimal outcome is not being achieved due to the negative externalities. b) The article suggests as solution*s* to achieve socially optimal amou*nt of space debris* to: Create â€Å"International civil satellite-awareness system†. â€Å"Countries should comply with international guidelines to minimize the amount of debris created by launches† A moratorium on debris-creating anti-satellite tests Satellite launchers buying insurance. By agreeing to the policies the main aim would be to ‘internalize the externality’. Meaning the satellite producers taking into account the social costs and benefits of their decisions. The first policy would work by increasing the awareness of the problem of debris in space and therefore giving an incentive for producers to think twice on a moral level before producing the satellites. If this worked the PMC would decrease in quantity to meet the optimum at SMC. The second policy would work by governments implementing a tax which will equate PMC and SMC. By putting a tax on a certain amount of debris released through launches the SMC is forced to meet PMC, and has low cost to society. This tax should give producers of active satellites and the launches an economic incentive to reduce the amount of debris being released into space. Another option from the second policy would be to regulate the quantity of satellites being launched or to regulate the quantity of debris being released. This could involve the government telling the producers of satellites to reduce the quantity of satellites launches or debris being released. The third policy would work by the government placing a ban on all anti-satellite tests which are heavy releasers of debris. Banning one type of satellite would reduce the overall amount of satellites launched causing the PMC to approach the social optimum. The fourth policy would works by the insurance acting like a tax. Buying insurance acts like a tax that will increase PMC to social optimum. . c) The free rider problem: The free rider problem in the article is where the ‘orbit is open to anyone with a launch-rocket handy’, therefore some countries may improve their own well being by ‘bearing the costs of wellbeing’ while leaving other countries to pay for the debris, and causing those ‘bearing the costs’ to ‘reap the benefits’. The free rider problem comes from the fact that a public good is â€Å"non-excludable†. It’s when decision makers own well being can be improved by making others pay for the good. Satellite launches are public goods because they are neither excludable nor rivalrous in consumption. People cannot be prevented from using a satellite launcher and one persons use does not reduce another persons use of it. Solutions: Government supplies satellite launches. The government takes over as supplier of satellite launches. They must calculate the SMB and SMC deciding on an efficient quantity, keeping in mind the willingness to pay of satellite launch consumers. Then, using the Lindahl tax the government could finance provision of the satellite launchers by asking consumers with higher revenue to pay more. This means that consumers share of the Social marginal benefit is multiplied by the cost of the launcher. (SMB x Cost=Lindahl tax). The government provides increased incentive to supply clean satellite launchers by assigning property rights. Involves assigning ownership of launchers to certain suppliers who can charge other consumers for using the launchers. QUESTION 2: Relative importance of fixed costs and variable costs in the retail grocery industry? A key part of knowing how much to produce to be profitable comes from how the costs will vary with the level of production. In a large scale firm like coles and Woolworths, it is necessary to produce large quantities. The average fixed costs will decrease as the quantity produced increases. Eg. Say we are looking at labour as a fixed cost. As volume of foods produced increases, there is a diminishing marginal cost of labour as the increase in total cost that arises from extra units of food produced is gradually getting smaller. If both variable costs and average costs are kept to a minimum the total cost will be most profitable. By keeping the fixed costs down using methods of productivity improvement such as electronic self service, the Average fixed cost will be at a minimum causing the average total cost to be at a minimum therefore cost saving. Variable costs are inevitably going to rise with the increase in quantity of sales, however with the total revenue should still outweigh the total costs if the fixed costs are kept at a minimum and the sales volume kept high. {draw:line} ATC AVC AFC {draw:line} Small quantity Large quantity Why structure of costs in retail grocery industry is important for understanding the profitability of firms? For large scale companies like Coles and Woolworths to be profitable the amount of fixed costs needs to balance with the sales volume. You read "Microeconomics Externalities, Market Power Assignment" in category "Papers" These companies are forever trying to maximize their profits; a good strategy to do this is by focusing on cost savings rather than cutting costs. By cost saving, the retail grocers will invest to gain productivity, therefore becoming more efficient and offering the customers more. Eventually in the cycle sales growth increases therefore expanding the profitability. Investing to gain productivity will bring the fixed costs down in the long run and as a result produce a smart distribution chain. If Coles/woolworths has a high fixed cost and the sale volume is decreasing, the company’s profitability will be difficult to maintain hence a high fixed cost must have large sales volume. QUESTION 3: a) Why private schools would want to increase school fees in response to an increase in teacher *saleries*? If we assume that demand for private school remains the same but the schools costs increase we can examine what will happen to profit using MB/MC rule. draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} $ MC $ MC {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:custom-shape} {draw:line} {draw:custom-shape} {draw:line} {draw:line} Price * ATC* ATC {draw:line} * * D {draw:line} ATC D MR {draw:line} {draw:line} MR q q No increase in teacher salaries Increase in teacher salaries Profit equals the Price minus average total cost X the quantity. If the teachersâ €™ salaries increase, this will cause the Average total cost(ATC) to increase causing the firms overall costs to increase. Therefore the profit being derived from the Price minus the newly high ATC multiplied by the quantity the total profit, will result in the school receiving less profit. By increasing the price of school fees, the increase in costs is equalised by the increase in price, therefore, with a higher price, the profit of the school will remain the same. â€Å"With the impact of the economic downturn tempering fee rises Here we assume the demand will change with the impact of the economic downturn however we will assume that costs remain the same. The economic downturn will cause an inward shift in the demand curve as there is a decline in demand for private school education. The Marginal revenue will shift with the demand curve as a decrease in demand also results in a decrease in marginal revenue. Therefore, this shift in demand will cause the price of Private School fees to decrease {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} $ MC {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:custom-shape} {draw:line} {draw:line} Price {draw:line} ATC * D1* {draw:line} ATC D2 {draw:line} MR q QUESTION 4: Main explanations for why market power of the ‘big four’ banks in Australia has* increased? *Reduction in competition. * In a more competitive situation, which we hope will occur again soon, competition between the big 4 banks, smaller banks and their customers is consistent causing the prices to be competitive and the market power at a reasonable medium level. The big 4 banks have recently been less of a threat to each other mainly due to the financial crisis taking â€Å"out the non-bank lenders for housing† which means the larger banks have more necessity. And by taking over two smaller banks, they have reduced the smaller competition. The necessity of the banks and lack of smaller bank competition means the market power for the ‘big four’ increases. *More constraint. * People are keeping with their current banks due to being â€Å"expensive and time-consuming† to shift loans and bank accounts between the ‘big four’. This financial burden holds them to their banks taking the power away from the consumers and giving the banks control over market prices. Explain how the banks greater market power allows them to ‘raise their rate of profit’. Reduction in competition means that if the banks increase their prices, such as the variable mortgage rate (0. 2 percentage points) they will not lose customers. Because of the lack in competition the banks have heightened their market power to the point where the banks can increase their prices(mark up), without impacting on their customers. Thus, the quantity demanded for banks responds little to the price deeming it relatively price inelastic. With higher prices, the Price minus the ATC will be higher therefore raising their profit. More constraint means that other firms are less price competitive because their customers will be unlikely to switch banks due to it being ‘expensive and time consuming to shift loans and bank accounts’. The constraint to banks causes the consumer demand to become very price inelastic, this is because an increase in price would not severely impact on the demand to switch to another bank because of the cost in doing so. PART 2 â€Å"Why are Melbourne University Colleges significantly more expensive than other colleges when they offer similar *services? † The on campus catered residential housing, otherwise known as ‘colleges’ prove to show some vast differences in fee pricing. When comparing ANU’s colleges to the University of Melbourne’s, Melbourne proved to have significantly higher fees. To attend a Melbourne University College as an undergraduate the prices range from $18,200 to $21,051 over the year1 which can be to a $505. 55 to $58 4. 84 weekly fee1. At an ANU college the undergraduate weekly fee is from $297. 50(Ursula Hall) to $305 (Burgmann College)2. Considering they both offer similar services, food, bedrooms, amenities, gym, library, on campus, tutorial services, social and sporting events we can look to the market forces of demand and supply, as well as elasticity for an economic explanation. DEMAND The Melbourne University colleges to many students about to begin university are considered an essential to forming strong relationships as well as giving extra support academically (especially being in a whole new academic system). They offer many services from full food and board to a gym and intercollege sporting events. College is commonly referred to as ‘the best years of your life’ and so many want to experience it. Most students come from regional areas and some from foreign countries, these students have the necessity to find accommodation in Melbourne so college responds to this need. Putting these aspects together we can understand why there in an increase in demand for a place at a Melbourne University College (see below). {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} P S {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} P*2 {draw:line} {draw:line} P* {draw:line} D1 D2 Q? Q2 Q Consequently an increase in demand for Melbourne Uni College results in an increase in price/fees and an increase in the quantity of places demanded. ANU Colleges offering the same or similar services and opportunities as Melbourne Uni also has a high demand to get into college, however they differ in the number of places available and the elasticity. BOTTLENECK Despite the heavy demand for a place at college there are a limited number of places available. With more people willing to get in than places, a bottleneck is placed on supply and increases the prices (similar to a firm with monopoly power). This can be represented like a quota, with the quota as the restriction on available accommodation. *Accommodation at Melbourne Uni* Colleges {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} P {draw:line} S {draw:custom-shape} {draw:line} {draw:line} P Quota Melb Uni {draw:line} {draw:line} P*ANU {draw:custom-shape} {draw:line} D {draw:line} {draw:line} Q*ANU Q Q Quota, Melb uni. At ANU, there is a guarantee that all interstate or regional students will be given accommodation, so the restriction on accommodation doesn’t exist hence the price being lower than Melbourne Uni. Also, the price of land in Parkville, close to the city in the heart of Melbourne automatically means the price of land will be ELASTICITY The Melbourne University Colleges in some cases are filled by privileged students who come from high income families whose parents consider college a necessity, are willing to support them in college despite large fees. Other students work to be able to support themselves, both categories are relatively unaffected by the price. This means there is an inelastic demand for Melb Uni colleges. The quantity demanded of a place at Melb Uni Colleges does not respond hugely to the increase in college fees. Hence, the colleges can increase their prices and the demand will not be effected. Conversely, at ANU, despite the demand still being rather inelastic, it is more elastic than Melbourne Uni Colleges. ANU has a wider socio economic intake, spreading wider than Melb Uni from high income families to low income families so the quantity demanded in their colleges will more likely be swayed by pricing. Hence it is more important to maintain a competitive and lower price. draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} P2 P1 {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} D(UM) D (ANU) {draw:custom-shape} {draw:custom-shape} Q2 Q1Q1Q2 REFERENCES: http://www. colleges. unimelb. edu. au/assets/uploads/Comparative-Costs-2010. pdf University of Melbourne, ICC (2010). _Comparative Costs. _ http://accom. anu. edu. au/UAS/2340/ver sion/1/part/4/data/ANU%20Hall%20and%20College%20Fee%20Summary%202010%20v5. pdf? branch=mainlanguage=default Australian National University, 2010. ANU Hall and fee summary. How to cite Microeconomics Externalities, Market Power Assignment, Papers

Mother Teresa Essays (2660 words) - Superiors General, Humanitarians

Mother Teresa Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu was born August 26, 1910; baptized August 27 in Skopje, in Macedonia. When Agnes was 9, her father died. It was 1919 and Drana had to raise her three children, Aga (1904), Lazar (1907) and Gonxha (1910) alone. They prayed every evening, went to church every day, prayed the rosary every day in may and assisted the service for the Holy Virgin. A great and warm attention went also to the poor and needy who came to knock at the door. During the holidays a stay in the pilgrimage place of Letnice, where Our Lady was venerated, was a custom for the family. Agnes liked to be in church, she liked to read and to pray and to sing. Here mother also took care of an alcoholic women in the neighborhood. She went to wash and feed her twice a day and she also took care of a widow with 6 children. When Drana could not go, Agnes went to do this charitable work. And when the widow died, the children were raised in the house as if they were family. Lazar won a scholarship in Austria , Aga followed commercial school and Agnes went to the Lyceum. (Mother Teresa); A great part of their time also went to the Legion of Mary. She helped a father, who had difficulties with the language, to teach catechism and read a lot about Slovenian and Croatian missionaries in India. At twelve she felt for the first time the desire to spend her life for Gods' work, to give it to Him and to let Him decide. But how could she be sure? She prayed a lot over it and talked about it with her sister and her mother. And also the father to whom she confessed she asked: "How can I be sure?" He answered: "through your JOY. If you feel really happy by the idea that God might call you to serve Him, Him and your neighbor, then this is the evidence that you have a call." And he added: "the deep inner joy that you feel is the compass that indicates your direction in life". At 18 it is the day. The decision was made. The last two years she assisted several religious retreats in Letnice and it was clear to her that she would be a missionary for India. On Assumption day in 1928 she went to Letnice to pray for Our Lady's blessing before leaving. She was going to join the Sisters of Our Lady of Loreto, who were very active in India. September 25 she leaves, accompanied to the station by the whole community: friends, schoolmates, neighbors, young and old and of course her mother and her sister Aga (who will be later a translator and a radio speaker). And everybody weeps. (Mainly from the book: "A life: Mother Teresa, Lush Gjergi, Albania). She travels over Zagreb, to Austria, Switzerland, France to London and then to the abbey close to Dublin where the mother house of the Loreto Sisters is. Gonxha learns to speak English and is trained in religious life. She receives the clothes of a sister and chooses the name of Sister Teresa, in memory of the Little Teresa of Lisieux, where they stopped on the way to London. In the mean time her papers get ready and 1928 on December the 1st the crossing to India starts: the country of her dreams. It is a long and tiring jo urney. Some more sisters are on board but the main group is anglican. For weeks they cannot attend mass or receive communion. Not on Christmas either. But they make a crib, pray the rosary and sing Christmas songs. In the beginning of 1929 they reach Colombo, then Madras and finally Calcutta. The journey continues to Darjeeling, at the feet of the Himalayas, where the young sister will accomplish her training. On may 23, 1929 she is accepted as a novice and two years later she makes her first vows. Immediately after that she is send to Bengali to help the sisters in the little hospital with the care for sick, starving and helpless mothers. She is touched by the endless misery which is there. (A